A maze of brackish and freshwater ponds covers Taiwan’s coastal plain, supporting aquaculture operations that produce roughly NT $30 billion (US $920 million) value of seafood yearly. Taiwan’s authorities is hoping that the greater than 400 sq. kilometers of fishponds can concurrently produce a second harvest: solar energy.
What’s aquavoltaics?
That’s the impetus behind the brand new 42.9-megawatt “aquavoltaics” facility within the southern metropolis of Tainan. To construct it, Taipei-based Hongde Renewable Energy purchased 57.6 hectares of deserted land in Tainan’s fishpond-rich Qigu district, created earthen berms to delineate the 2 dozen ponds, and put in photo voltaic panels alongside the berms and over 6 reservoir ponds.
Tony Chang, normal supervisor of Hongde subsidiary Star Aquaculture, says 18 of the ponds are stocked with mullet (prized for his or her roe) and shrimp, whereas milkfish assist clear the water within the reservoir ponds. In 2023, the primary full yr of operation, Chang says his workforce harvested over 100,000 kilograms of seafood. This August, they started stocking a cavernous indoor facility, additionally festooned with photovoltaics, to domesticate white-legged shrimp.
A variety of different nations have been experimenting with aquavoltaics, together with China, Chile, Bangladesh, and Norway, extending the idea to giant photo voltaic arrays floating on rivers and bays. However nowhere else is the pairing of aquaculture and solar energy seen as so essential to the economic system. Taiwan is striving to massively broaden renewable technology to maintain its semiconductor fabs, and photo voltaic is predicted to play a big position. However on this densely populated island—barely bigger than Maryland, smaller than the Netherlands—there’s not a variety of open area to put in photo voltaic panels. The fishponds are exhausting to disregard. By the tip of 2025, the federal government is trying to set up 4.4 gigawatts of aquavoltaics to assist meet its purpose of 20 GW of photo voltaic technology.
Is Taiwan’s aquavoltaics plan unrealistic?
In the meantime, although, photo voltaic builders are struggling to ship on Taiwan’s formidable objectives, at the same time as some projections counsel Taiwan will want over 8 times more solar by 2050. And aquavoltaics specifically have come underneath scrutiny from environmental teams. In 2020, for instance, reporter Jiashan Cai visited 100 photo voltaic crops constructed on agricultural land, together with fishponds, and located dozens of instances the place photo voltaic builders constructed extra photo voltaic capability than the legislation supposed, or secured permits primarily based on guarantees of continued farming that weren’t stored.
Star Aquaculture grows milkfish to assist clear water for its breeding ponds.HDRenewables
On 7 July 2020, Taiwan’s Ministry of Agriculture responded by proscribing photo voltaic improvement on farmland, in what the photo voltaic business known as the “Double-Seven Incident.” Many aquavoltaic initiatives have been canceled whereas others have been delayed. The latter included a 10-MW facility in Tainan that Google had introduced to nice fanfare in 2019 as its first renewable energy investment in Asia, to provide energy for the corporate’s Taiwan datacenters. The array lastly began up in 2023, three years delayed.
Critics of Taiwan’s renewed aquavoltaic plans thus see the federal government’s purpose as unrealistic. Yuping Chen, government director of the Taiwan Environment and Planning Association, a Taipei-based nonprofit devoted to resolving conflicts between photo voltaic power and agriculture, says of aquavoltaics, “It’s claimed to be essential by the federal government, nevertheless it’s unattainable to understand.”
How aquavoltaics might revive fishing, enhance income
Photo voltaic builders and authorities officers who endorse aquavoltaics argue that such initiatives might revive the island’s conventional fishing neighborhood. Taiwan’s fishing villages are growing old and shrinking as youthful individuals take metropolis jobs. Climate change has additionally taken a toll. Extreme storms harm fishpond embankments, whereas excessive warmth and rainfall stress the fish.
4.4
Gigawatts of aquavoltaics that Taiwan needs to put in by the tip of 2025
Solar development might assist reverse these tendencies. Several current research examining fishponds in Taiwan discovered that including photo voltaic improves profitability, offering a chance to reinvigorate communities if agrivoltaic traders share their returns. Alan Wu, deputy director of the Inexperienced Power Initiative at Taiwan’s Industrial Technology Research Institute, says the Hsinchu-based lab has opened a analysis station in Tainan to attach photo voltaic and aquaculture corporations. ITRI helps aquavoltaics amenities enhance their revenues, by determining how they will elevate “species of excessive financial worth which can be usually harder to lift,” Wu says.
Such high-value merchandise embody the 27,000 items of sun-dried mullet roe that Hongde Renewable Power’s Tainan web site produced final yr. The brand new indoor facility, in the meantime, ought to enhance yields of the comparatively expensive whiteleg shrimp. Chang expects the indoor harvests to fetch $500,000 to $600,000 yearly, in comparison with $800,000 to $900,000 from the bigger out of doors ponds.
The photo voltaic roof over the 100,000-liter indoor progress tanks protects the two.7 million shrimp in opposition to climate and fowl droppings. Chang says a patent-pending drain mechanically removes waste from every tank, and likewise sucks out the shrimp after they’re prepared for harvest.
Land that Star Aquaculture put aside for wildlife now attracts endangered birds just like the black-faced spoonbill [left] and oriental stork [right].iStock (2)
The corporate has additionally put aside 9 % of the location for wildlife, in response to considerations from conservationists. “Egrets, endangered oriental storks, and black-faced spoonbills proceed to make use of the location,” Chang says. “If it was all coated with PV, it might affect their habitat.”
Such measures might not fulfill environmentalists, although. In a assessment published last month, researchers at Fudan College in Shanghai and two Chinese language energy corporations concluded that China’s floating aquavoltaic installations—a few of which already span 5 sq. kilometers—will “inevitably” alter the marine surroundings.
Aquavoltaic amenities which can be fully indoors could also be a good more durable promote as they scale up. Toshiba is backing such a plant in Tainan, to generate 120 MW for an unspecified “semiconductor producer,” with plans for a 360-MW growth. The ensuing buildings might exclude wildlife from 5 sq. kilometers of habitat. Indoor initiatives might compensate by defending land elsewhere. However, as Chen of the Taiwan Surroundings and Planning Affiliation notes, builders of such websites might not take such measures until they’re required by legislation to take action.
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