Mogadishu, Somalia – Ending america’ “ceaselessly wars” was a significant slogan of Donald Trump’s 2024 election marketing campaign, throughout which he and plenty of of his supporters spoke out towards American sources and lives being put to waste in conflicts throughout the globe.
However on February 1, a mere 10 days after being inaugurated for a second time, President Trump announced that the US had carried out air strikes concentrating on senior management of ISIL (ISIS) in Somalia. “These killers, who we discovered hiding in caves, threatened america,” his submit on X learn. This marked Trump’s first navy motion abroad, however it wouldn’t be his final.
Within the time since, the US has offered weapons and help to Israel in its wars in Gaza and throughout the Center East; it has launched strikes on Yemen; and even attacked Iran’s nuclear services. On the similar time, within the Horn of Africa, US strikes have greater than “doubled” since final yr, according to US Africa Command (AFRICOM).
AFRICOM, which oversees US navy operations on the continent, has carried out no less than 43 air strikes in Somalia in 2025, based on assume tank New America, which tracks strikes utilizing AFRICOM knowledge. Greater than half of these, that are carried out in coordination with Somalia’s federal authorities, focused IS-Somalia, the ISIL affiliate in northeast Puntland state, whereas the rest focused al-Shabab.
The uptick in US air strikes concentrating on IS-Somalia seems to be linked to rising considerations that the group has develop into a hub for regional and world ISIL associates when it comes to financing and assaults, according to US officials.
On the similar time, specialists additionally notice the latest worrying beneficial properties being made by al-Shabab in Somalia.
However why is that this a warfare the “Make America Nice Once more” Trump administration has an growing hand in – particularly provided that a long time of US coverage in Somalia have been marred by controversy, catastrophe and failure?
American intervention in Somalia: A failure because the begin?
“Ever since Black Hawk Down, Somalia was a no-go zone for the US,” stated Abukar Arman, a Somali analyst and former particular envoy to the US, referring to the failed 1993 US military intervention in Somalia throughout which 18 US troops and hundreds of Somali civilians have been killed.
“That modified after 9/11 when Somalia turned one of many key theatres of so-called GWOT [global war on terror]. That political facade has three aims: It justifies US sustained deadly drone assaults within the public psyche; it allows the US to protect its geopolitical pursuits within the Horn of Africa; [and] it allows American predatory capitalists to interact in financial exploitation,” Arman instructed Al Jazeera.
In 2007, Somalia turned the primary nation on the African continent to fall sufferer to a US air strike within the submit 9/11 period as a part of its so-called “warfare on terror”. Within the a long time that adopted, US aerial bombardment of the nation has not solely continued however intensified.
Throughout the mixed 16 years beneath former presidents George W Bush and Barack Obama, there have been greater than 50 US air strikes on Somalia, whereas Trump’s first time period alone noticed a staggering 219 strikes, based on New America. With dozens extra strikes simply 5 months into his second time period, analysts say if it continues at this price, Trump is certain to surpass the 51 strikes the Biden administration carried out throughout its complete 4 years in workplace.
Jethro Norman, a senior researcher with the Danish Institute for Worldwide Research, means that in Somalia, Trump has made a great stage on which to remotely mission US energy capabilities – because it combines excessive firepower, low oversight and little US home political danger.
“By loosening Obama-era restrictions, he enabled a surge in preemptive strikes with minimal vetting or accountability. The logic wasn’t simply strategic; it was theatrical: a option to carry out toughness, sign distinction with earlier administrations, and declare counterterrorism ‘wins’ with out entanglement,” Norman instructed Al Jazeera.
“So, what you see now could be a spike in drone exercise, however with none corresponding funding in long-term peacebuilding or governance help,” he defined.
Norman additionally highlighted how infighting throughout the Trump White Home on coverage route in Somalia performed a job within the large uptick in US strikes.
“There have been additionally competing camps inside his [Trump’s] administration. Some pushed arduous for kinetic engagement in Somalia and Yemen, whereas others argued that counterterrorism was a distraction from great-power rivalry with China.
“That coverage push and pull [between spectacle and strategy] helps clarify why air strikes surged at the same time as Trump talked about ending ceaselessly wars,” he stated.
Al-Shabab beneficial properties
Some analysts counsel that one more reason for the uptick in US strikes could possibly be al-Shabab’s unprecedented counteroffensive this yr. In it, the armed group reversed a lot of the Somali authorities’s territorial beneficial properties and seized dozens of towns and villages within the Center Shabelle area of the semi-autonomous Hirshabelle state – the house base of President Hassan Sheikh Mohamud.
Complicating issues additional is that in this counteroffensive, al-Shabab was in a position to advance on the capital and arrange checkpoints on predominant roads main out and in of Mogadishu. This exhibits not solely the deep structural weak spot throughout the Somali safety forces but in addition the resilience of the armed group as they inched nearer to the seat of energy in Mogadishu, specialists say.
“These [recent US strikes] seem to narrate extra intently to situations on the battlefield – and particularly, the perceived menace from an al-Shabab offensive that has reversed a number of the beneficial properties of prior Somali authorities offensives,” stated David Sterman, the deputy director of the Future Safety programme at New America.
“There may be different elements, together with a higher curiosity in concentrating on senior al-Shabab leaders,” he added.
Because the Trump administration continues its bombing marketing campaign, some argue it will seemingly solely empower the identical armed teams it claims to be combating.
“The present drone diplomacy would proceed to assist al-Shabab. These assaults kill civilians, destroy properties and livestock. Ensuing grievances are utilised by armed teams that reap the benefits of these sentiments,” stated Arman, the Somali analyst, who additionally famous a “lack of a complete US-Somalia coverage that’s based mostly on a strategic partnership that retains the curiosity of each nations at coronary heart”.
“It’s silly to assume that every one issues could possibly be solved with a hammer,” he added, referring to drones and navy may.
Civilian deaths, ‘lack of accountability’
Throughout Trump’s first time period as president, rights groups and media shops alike reported quite a few civilian casualties from US strikes on Somalia. This was additional compounded when AFRICOM admitted that civilians died in strikes it carried out.
The state of affairs hit its climax in 2019 when Amnesty Worldwide accused the US of committing “possible war crimes” in Somalia because of its drone warfare. Not one of the victims of US drone strikes have been ever compensated regardless of requires accountability by rights teams and US lawmakers.
“The constant lack of accountability for civilian victims of US air strikes, significantly beneath the earlier [Trump] administration, speaks volumes. It reveals a profound lack of transparency that’s deeply regarding,” stated Eva Buzo, the manager director of Victims Advocacy Worldwide, an organisation searching for accountability for victims of human rights abuses in battle zones throughout the globe.
“The US acknowledges hurt to civilians and has allotted funds but continues to keep away from making these essential funds,” she stated, including that what’s wanted is willingness to “genuinely talk with impacted communities, to raised perceive the true penalties drone strikes have on their lives, and what will be executed to acknowledge this affect tangibly”.
In the meantime, including to the complexity within the battle area in Somalia is that teams like al-Shabab typically dwell and function among the many civilian inhabitants. This offers concealment but in addition means these at warfare with the armed teams not often differentiate between civilians and fighters when placing targets.
US strikes typically depend on patchy human intelligence within the rural countryside the place al-Shabab is most current and the place clan rivalries, casual economies and shifting loyalties are all elements that are typically neglected by the US. Consultants say this not solely complicates correct concentrating on but in addition will increase the possibility of harming non-combatants.
Whereas there isn’t an official dying toll from US strikes, the years of assaults are believed to have killed wherever from 33 to 167 civilians in Somalia, based on separate tallies by New America and the nonprofit battle watchdog, Airwars.
These civilian deaths from US air strikes erode US credibility within the area and feed into the narrative that armed teams like al-Shabab thrive on: considered one of overseas aggression and Somali betrayal, stated Norman of the Danish Institute.
“These incidents don’t simply trigger resentment; they provide propaganda gold. When civilians are killed and even simply displaced, al-Shabab exploits the aftermath. They transfer rapidly to border themselves as defenders of Somali lives and sovereignty towards a overseas aggressor and a weak federal authorities,” he stated.
“Drone strikes with out accountability can truly create the situations for the very insurgencies they’re meant to remove to thrive,” he added.
Including gas to the hearth?
After almost twenty years of US aerial bombardment, many analysts agree that air strikes alone can’t defeat an armed motion embedded within the cloth of Somali society, its social networks and people who thrive off consecutive overseas interventions. This makes the prospects of taming these armed teams, not to mention defeating them, troublesome.
“There are fascinating parallels to Afghanistan; native forces wrestle to carry territory, US strikes fill the vacuum quickly, however the long-term trajectory stays bleak. Airpower can suppress, however it doesn’t rework,” stated Norman.
“That hole between US rhetoric and Somali actuality is exactly the place al-Shabab thrives. The group actively weaponises these moments, portraying itself as the one actor keen to face up for Somali lives.
“On this sense, the lack of legitimacy just isn’t summary; it shapes native choices, fuels recruitment, and weakens prospects for real partnership between Somali civilians and worldwide actors.”
If the Trump administration continues its aerial bombardment of Somalia, analysts say it can solely add gas to the hearth by empowering the identical foe it claims to be combating. On the similar time, they are saying, the price of drones and missiles to combat a boogeyman midway throughout the globe is a waste of US taxpayer cash.
Consultants on US navy and counterterrorism insurance policies say the chance of a navy answer to armed teams in Somalia is slim.
“It’s unlikely that the US and its Somali companions can absolutely remove al-Shabab given its demonstration of resilience over time, and doing so would require a unique strategy than what these strikes seem like. IS-Somalia doesn’t have fairly the identical file of resilience,” stated Sterman, the New America deputy director.
“There may be, after all, the query of what defeat and destruction truly means for a non-state group,” he famous.
“That stated, US aims are seemingly extra restricted than the defeat or destruction of those teams – focusing [more] on containment or the elimination of particular capabilities or community connections.”
Within the meantime, what’s for positive, specialists say, is that the extra the US leans on drones with out investing in native legitimacy and supporting grassroots reconciliation, the extra teams like al-Shabab and IS-Somalia will thrive and develop amongst a brand new era of disenfranchised Somalis.
