Final week, Ugandan lawyer Agather Atuhaire was lastly let loose 5 days after she was detained by the Tanzanian police for unclear causes. She was unceremoniously dumped on the Mutukula border crossing between the 2 international locations.
Particulars of Atuhaire’s situation stay unclear, however a press release from the organisation she works with in addition to Kenyan activist Boniface Mwangi, who was detained along with her, alleged that she was tortured. He himself confirmed indicators of bodily abuse after he was additionally dumped on the Kenya-Tanzania border a day earlier.
For East Africans, Atuhaire and Mwangi’s ordeal has been a painful reminder of simply how far democracy within the area has retreated. Individuals organising to withstand state excesses have been more and more dealing with structural and bodily violence with little area for redress.
Mwangi and Atuhaire have been amongst a small group of regional activists and political figures who flew into Tanzania to indicate solidarity with Tundu Lissu, the chief of the Tanzanian opposition. Lissu is dealing with a number of expenses, probably the most grievous amongst them treason, for feedback he allegedly made at a political rally.
However Lissu isn’t alone within the area in dealing with reprisals for political motion. In neighbouring Uganda, chief of the opposition Kizza Besigye is dealing with the identical expenses, primarily based on the identical concept that organising and main opposition towards an entrenched political energy quantities to treason.
In the meantime, in Kenya, the aftermath of the 2024 anti-finance invoice protests is haunting the nation. Within the absence of a effectively organised political opposition, which is stymied by frenetic deal-making and horse-trading, protesters and youth activists have turn out to be the nation’s unofficial political opposition.
The youth have borne the brunt of political violence throughout final yr’s protests, which killed a minimum of 82 people. Kidnappings and abductions of protesters spiked after the demonstrations, and activist teams alleged that some folks stay unaccounted for regardless of President William Ruto’s assertion on the contrary.
In Burundi, folks proceed to dwell underneath the shadow of police excesses and in concern of the potential for struggle with its expansionist neighbours.
In Rwanda, a number of opposition figures who tried to run towards President Paul Kagame have been jailed on numerous expenses. The neighbouring Democratic Republic of the Congo is perennially caught between struggle and political disaster.
So how did we get to this state of affairs? The best reply is that we allowed ourselves to conflate elections with democracy, and the malicious intentions of those that wield energy took benefit of that religion. The truth of constructing sturdy democratic methods is way extra sophisticated than lining as much as vote each 4 or 5 years, and actual democracy requires around the clock vigilance.
A significant democracy requires sturdy native authorities, clear political events in addition to institutional accountability and participation, all of which have been on the retreat within the area prior to now 20 years.
Energy has remained extremely centralised within the govt, enabled by the capitulation of legislatures and the “naomba serekali” (“I’m requesting of the federal government”) strategy to politics.
Parliaments are empowered by the legitimacy of a preferred vote, however they repeatedly undergo the manager. Proof of this may be simply discovered within the expertise of ladies attempting to run for workplace within the area.
As outlined in a 2018 quantity on the Kenyan election that I co-edited, The place Ladies Are: Gender and the 2017 Kenyan Common Election, the weak point begins inside political events, wherein candidates should kowtow to a kingpin to realize permission to look on the poll. Those that don’t are sometimes locked out from aggressive electoral cycles. Consequently, save for constitutional quotas, ladies’s participation in electoral politics has declined – a canary within the coalmine of shrinking democratic area.
In the meantime, events have mastered the artwork of managing gender optics as an alternative choice to actual change, decreasing debates about democracy to the periodic efficiency of voting. Thus, Samia Suluhu’s presidency in Tanzania isn’t an indication of enhancing democracy however somewhat that of a political machine that picked the least contentious candidate who would enable the ruling social gathering, Chama Cha Mapinduzi, to proceed managing the nation. Equally, the dominance of ladies in Rwanda’s parliament isn’t in itself indicative of progress for ladies however of the power of the ruling social gathering to pick candidates who’re much less prone to push again.
As soon as these candidates are laundered via the political social gathering machine, they enter the legislature extra beholden to their political kingpin than to voters. And that is the case whether or not the kingpin is in authorities or within the opposition.
In Kenya, opposition candidates like Edwin Sifuna, who vociferously defended the rights of protesters throughout the June 2024 protests, have turn out to be tongue-tied in 2025 as a result of their social gathering kingpin has since struck a cope with Ruto and blind obeisance is the one assured pathway to energy on this system.
In Uganda, politicians are purchased off with state automobiles and loans, and in Tanzania, they’re silenced by arrests, detentions and disappearances of critics of the state. The web impact is that elections turn out to be a efficiency whose precise influence diminishes quickly over time.
A fast scan of world politics will affirm that this isn’t a uniquely East African downside. The identical disaster is taking form in the US, significantly after the evisceration of the Republican Get together by Tea Get together politics and of the Democratic Get together by careerist politicians.
However the occasions of the final week present that for East Africa, an additional layer of danger exists due to the unquestioning and blind loyalty of safety providers to the whims of the state – one thing the present US administration seeks to construct into the Immigration and Customs Enforcement company.
The long-term resolution to this state of affairs is for atypical folks to turn out to be extra engaged in localised democratic practices, altering the standard of people that stand up the ranks in politics. In fact, this may be troublesome when individuals are merely attempting to outlive a hostile political and financial local weather, however in the long run, it creates new entry factors for civic engagement.
Democracy is strengthened when extra folks take part within the governance of civic establishments like colleges, hospitals, commerce unions, cooperatives, neighbourhood associations, and even sports activities and social golf equipment – in processes that they’ll instantly connect with their high quality of life.
Elections then turn out to be the fruits of 4 or 5 years of standard workout routines of democracy, not a separate course of that floats above the fact of individuals’s lives.
In parallel, the onus is on the legislators of East Africa to search out their enamel and their goal. Their job isn’t political survival or the pursuit of political careers. Their job is to defend the individuals who elected them, to rein within the excesses of the manager and to defend the integrity of the structure.
In the meantime, we, the folks, ought to all heed the decision of Nigerian public mental Tajudeen Abdul-Raheem: “Don’t agonise, organise,” and search to rebuild democracy in East Africa from the bottom up.
The views expressed on this article are the creator’s personal and don’t essentially replicate Al Jazeera’s editorial stance.
